150 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
150 lines
5.5 KiB
Markdown
# Spring Boot Patterns and Best Practices
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## Spring Boot Configuration Patterns
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### Application Properties Management
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- **Profile-based Configuration**: Use `application-{profile}.yml` for environment-specific settings
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- **External Configuration**: Use `@ConfigurationProperties` for type-safe configuration
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- **Environment Variables**: Override properties with environment variables
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- **Configuration Validation**: Use `@Validated` and `@Valid` for configuration validation
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### Dependency Injection Patterns
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- **Constructor Injection**: Prefer constructor injection over field injection
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- **Interface Segregation**: Use interfaces for service contracts
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- **Component Scanning**: Use `@ComponentScan` for automatic bean discovery
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- **Conditional Beans**: Use `@ConditionalOnProperty` for conditional bean creation
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## Web Development Patterns
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### REST API Design
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- **Resource-based URLs**: Use nouns for resources, verbs for actions
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- **HTTP Status Codes**: Use appropriate status codes for responses
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- **Content Negotiation**: Support multiple content types (JSON, XML)
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- **API Versioning**: Use URL versioning or header versioning
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- **Pagination**: Implement pagination for large datasets
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- **Filtering and Sorting**: Support query parameters for filtering
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### Spring MVC Patterns
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- **Controller Layer**: Keep controllers thin, delegate to services
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- **DTO Pattern**: Use Data Transfer Objects for API communication
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- **Validation**: Use Bean Validation annotations
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- **Exception Handling**: Use `@ControllerAdvice` for global exception handling
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- **Response Wrapping**: Use consistent response format
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## Data Access Patterns
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### Spring Data JPA Patterns
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- **Repository Pattern**: Use Spring Data repositories
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- **Custom Queries**: Use `@Query` for custom JPQL queries
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- **Specifications**: Use JPA Specifications for dynamic queries
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- **Pagination**: Use `Pageable` for paginated results
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- **Auditing**: Use `@CreatedDate` and `@LastModifiedDate`
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- **Soft Delete**: Implement soft delete pattern
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### Transaction Management
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- **Declarative Transactions**: Use `@Transactional` annotation
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- **Transaction Propagation**: Understand propagation behaviors
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- **Read-Only Transactions**: Use `readOnly = true` for read operations
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- **Rollback Rules**: Configure rollback conditions
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## Security Patterns
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### Spring Security Configuration
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- **Authentication**: Implement JWT or OAuth2 authentication
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- **Authorization**: Use method-level security with `@PreAuthorize`
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- **CORS Configuration**: Configure Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
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- **CSRF Protection**: Enable CSRF protection for state-changing operations
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- **Security Headers**: Configure security headers
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### Password Management
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- **Password Encoding**: Use BCrypt for password hashing
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- **Password Policies**: Implement password strength requirements
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- **Password Reset**: Implement secure password reset flow
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## Testing Patterns
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### Unit Testing
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- **Test Structure**: Use Arrange-Act-Assert pattern
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- **Mocking**: Use Mockito for mocking dependencies
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- **Test Data**: Use TestContainers for integration testing
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- **Test Coverage**: Aim for high test coverage
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### Integration Testing
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- **Spring Boot Test**: Use `@SpringBootTest` for integration tests
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- **Test Profiles**: Use test-specific profiles
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- **Test Slices**: Use `@WebMvcTest`, `@DataJpaTest` for focused tests
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- **TestContainers**: Use TestContainers for database testing
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## Performance Patterns
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### Caching
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- **Spring Cache**: Use `@Cacheable`, `@CacheEvict`, `@CachePut`
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- **Cache Providers**: Use Redis, Caffeine, or Ehcache
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- **Cache Strategies**: Implement appropriate cache strategies
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- **Cache Invalidation**: Handle cache invalidation properly
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### Async Processing
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- **@Async**: Use `@Async` for asynchronous processing
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- **CompletableFuture**: Use CompletableFuture for async operations
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- **Message Queues**: Use RabbitMQ or Apache Kafka for messaging
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- **Event Publishing**: Use Spring Events for loose coupling
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## Monitoring and Observability
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### Health Checks
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- **Spring Boot Actuator**: Use actuator endpoints for health checks
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- **Custom Health Indicators**: Implement custom health indicators
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- **Health Aggregation**: Aggregate health status from dependencies
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### Metrics and Monitoring
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- **Micrometer**: Use Micrometer for application metrics
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- **Custom Metrics**: Implement custom business metrics
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- **Distributed Tracing**: Use Spring Cloud Sleuth for tracing
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- **Logging**: Use structured logging with SLF4J and Logback
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## Error Handling Patterns
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### Exception Handling
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- **Global Exception Handler**: Use `@ControllerAdvice`
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- **Custom Exceptions**: Create domain-specific exceptions
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- **Error Response Format**: Use consistent error response format
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- **Error Logging**: Log errors with appropriate context
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### Circuit Breaker Pattern
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- **Resilience4j**: Use Resilience4j for circuit breaker implementation
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- **Fallback Methods**: Implement fallback methods for failed operations
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- **Retry Logic**: Implement retry logic with exponential backoff
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- **Timeout Handling**: Configure appropriate timeouts
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## AWS Integration Patterns
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### AWS Services Integration
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- **AWS SDK**: Use AWS SDK for Java for service integration
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- **AWS Configuration**: Use AWS configuration properties
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- **AWS Profiles**: Use AWS profiles for different environments
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- **AWS Regions**: Configure appropriate AWS regions
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### Cloud-Native Patterns
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- **Configuration Externalization**: Use AWS Parameter Store
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- **Secrets Management**: Use AWS Secrets Manager
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- **Service Discovery**: Use AWS Service Discovery
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- **Load Balancing**: Use AWS Application Load Balancer
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