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Spring Boot Patterns and Best Practices

Spring Boot Configuration Patterns

Application Properties Management

Profile-based Configuration: Use application-{profile}.yml for environment-specific settings
External Configuration: Use @ConfigurationProperties for type-safe configuration
Environment Variables: Override properties with environment variables
Configuration Validation: Use @Validated and @Valid for configuration validation

Dependency Injection Patterns

Constructor Injection: Prefer constructor injection over field injection
Interface Segregation: Use interfaces for service contracts
Component Scanning: Use @ComponentScan for automatic bean discovery
Conditional Beans: Use @ConditionalOnProperty for conditional bean creation

Web Development Patterns

REST API Design

Resource-based URLs: Use nouns for resources, verbs for actions
HTTP Status Codes: Use appropriate status codes for responses
Content Negotiation: Support multiple content types (JSON, XML)
API Versioning: Use URL versioning or header versioning
Pagination: Implement pagination for large datasets
Filtering and Sorting: Support query parameters for filtering

Spring MVC Patterns

Controller Layer: Keep controllers thin, delegate to services
DTO Pattern: Use Data Transfer Objects for API communication
Validation: Use Bean Validation annotations
Exception Handling: Use @ControllerAdvice for global exception handling
Response Wrapping: Use consistent response format

Data Access Patterns

Spring Data JPA Patterns

Repository Pattern: Use Spring Data repositories
Custom Queries: Use @Query for custom JPQL queries
Specifications: Use JPA Specifications for dynamic queries
Pagination: Use Pageable for paginated results
Auditing: Use @CreatedDate and @LastModifiedDate
Soft Delete: Implement soft delete pattern

Transaction Management

Declarative Transactions: Use @Transactional annotation
Transaction Propagation: Understand propagation behaviors
Read-Only Transactions: Use readOnly = true for read operations
Rollback Rules: Configure rollback conditions

Security Patterns

Spring Security Configuration

Authentication: Implement JWT or OAuth2 authentication
Authorization: Use method-level security with @PreAuthorize
CORS Configuration: Configure Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
CSRF Protection: Enable CSRF protection for state-changing operations
Security Headers: Configure security headers

Password Management

Password Encoding: Use BCrypt for password hashing
Password Policies: Implement password strength requirements
Password Reset: Implement secure password reset flow

Testing Patterns

Unit Testing

Test Structure: Use Arrange-Act-Assert pattern
Mocking: Use Mockito for mocking dependencies
Test Data: Use TestContainers for integration testing
Test Coverage: Aim for high test coverage

Integration Testing

Spring Boot Test: Use @SpringBootTest for integration tests
Test Profiles: Use test-specific profiles
Test Slices: Use @WebMvcTest, @DataJpaTest for focused tests
TestContainers: Use TestContainers for database testing

Performance Patterns

Caching

Spring Cache: Use @Cacheable, @CacheEvict, @CachePut
Cache Providers: Use Redis, Caffeine, or Ehcache
Cache Strategies: Implement appropriate cache strategies
Cache Invalidation: Handle cache invalidation properly

Async Processing

@Async: Use @Async for asynchronous processing
CompletableFuture: Use CompletableFuture for async operations
Message Queues: Use RabbitMQ or Apache Kafka for messaging
Event Publishing: Use Spring Events for loose coupling

Monitoring and Observability

Health Checks

Spring Boot Actuator: Use actuator endpoints for health checks
Custom Health Indicators: Implement custom health indicators
Health Aggregation: Aggregate health status from dependencies

Metrics and Monitoring

Micrometer: Use Micrometer for application metrics
Custom Metrics: Implement custom business metrics
Distributed Tracing: Use Spring Cloud Sleuth for tracing
Logging: Use structured logging with SLF4J and Logback

Error Handling Patterns

Exception Handling

Global Exception Handler: Use @ControllerAdvice
Custom Exceptions: Create domain-specific exceptions
Error Response Format: Use consistent error response format
Error Logging: Log errors with appropriate context

Circuit Breaker Pattern

Resilience4j: Use Resilience4j for circuit breaker implementation
Fallback Methods: Implement fallback methods for failed operations
Retry Logic: Implement retry logic with exponential backoff
Timeout Handling: Configure appropriate timeouts

AWS Integration Patterns

AWS Services Integration

AWS SDK: Use AWS SDK for Java for service integration
AWS Configuration: Use AWS configuration properties
AWS Profiles: Use AWS profiles for different environments
AWS Regions: Configure appropriate AWS regions

Cloud-Native Patterns

Configuration Externalization: Use AWS Parameter Store
Secrets Management: Use AWS Secrets Manager
Service Discovery: Use AWS Service Discovery
Load Balancing: Use AWS Application Load Balancer