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Java Tech Stack Knowledge Base

Java 21 Features

Language Features

  • Pattern Matching: Enhanced switch expressions and pattern matching
  • Records: Immutable data carriers
  • Sealed Classes: Restricted class hierarchies
  • Text Blocks: Multi-line string literals
  • Local Variable Type Inference: var keyword
  • Virtual Threads: Lightweight concurrency
  • Foreign Function & Memory API: Interop with native code

Performance Improvements

  • ZGC: Low-latency garbage collector
  • Shenandoah: Concurrent garbage collector
  • JIT Compiler: Enhanced optimization
  • Memory Management: Improved heap management

Spring Boot Ecosystem

Core Modules

  • Spring Boot Starter Web: Web applications and REST APIs
  • Spring Boot Starter Security: Authentication and authorization
  • Spring Boot Starter Data JPA: Data persistence with JPA
  • Spring Boot Starter Test: Testing framework integration
  • Spring Boot Starter Actuator: Production-ready features

Spring Cloud Modules

  • Spring Cloud Gateway: API Gateway
  • Spring Cloud Netflix: Service discovery and load balancing
  • Spring Cloud Config: Configuration management
  • Spring Cloud Sleuth: Distributed tracing
  • Spring Cloud Stream: Event-driven microservices

Maven Configuration

Project Structure

project/
├── src/
│   ├── main/
│   │   ├── java/
│   │   └── resources/
│   └── test/
│       ├── java/
│       └── resources/
├── pom.xml
└── README.md

Essential Plugins

  • maven-compiler-plugin: Java compilation
  • maven-surefire-plugin: Unit testing
  • maven-failsafe-plugin: Integration testing
  • spring-boot-maven-plugin: Spring Boot packaging
  • dockerfile-maven-plugin: Docker image building

AWS Services

Compute Services

  • Amazon EC2: Virtual machines
  • AWS Lambda: Serverless compute
  • Amazon ECS: Container service
  • Amazon EKS: Kubernetes service
  • AWS Fargate: Serverless containers

Database Services

  • Amazon RDS: Relational databases
  • Amazon Aurora: MySQL/PostgreSQL compatible
  • Amazon DynamoDB: NoSQL database
  • Amazon DocumentDB: MongoDB compatible

Networking & Security

  • Amazon VPC: Virtual private cloud
  • AWS API Gateway: API management
  • AWS Load Balancer: Traffic distribution
  • AWS IAM: Identity and access management
  • AWS Secrets Manager: Secrets management

Monitoring & Logging

  • Amazon CloudWatch: Monitoring and logging
  • AWS X-Ray: Distributed tracing
  • Amazon CloudTrail: API logging
  • AWS Config: Resource configuration

Best Practices

Java 21 Development

  • Use modern Java features (records, pattern matching)
  • Implement proper exception handling
  • Follow naming conventions
  • Use immutable objects when possible
  • Optimize for performance

Spring Boot Development

  • Use Spring Boot starters for dependencies
  • Implement proper configuration management
  • Use Spring profiles for environment-specific config
  • Implement proper error handling
  • Use Spring Boot Actuator for monitoring

Maven Best Practices

  • Use dependency management for version control
  • Implement proper plugin configuration
  • Use profiles for different environments
  • Implement proper testing configuration
  • Use Maven wrapper for consistent builds

AWS Best Practices

  • Design for failure and scalability
  • Implement proper security practices
  • Use AWS managed services when possible
  • Implement proper monitoring and logging
  • Optimize for cost and performance