# The Golden Circle

**A framework for inspiring action by starting with WHY**

**Originated by:** Simon Sinek  
**Source:** *Start With Why* (2009), TEDx Talk (2009)  
**Applied in WDS:** Product Brief discovery, messaging hierarchy, value proposition

---

## What It Is

The **Golden Circle** is a communication framework that explains why some leaders and organizations inspire action while others don't. It consists of three concentric circles:

```
        WHY (Purpose, Cause, Belief)
           ↓
        HOW (Process, Values, Differentiators)
           ↓
        WHAT (Products, Services, Features)
```

**The Core Insight:** Most organizations communicate from the outside-in (WHAT → HOW → WHY), but inspiring leaders communicate from the inside-out (WHY → HOW → WHAT).

**Example:**

**Outside-In (Uninspiring):**
> "We make great computers. (WHAT) They're beautifully designed and easy to use. (HOW) Want to buy one? (Meh)"

**Inside-Out (Inspiring):**
> "We believe in challenging the status quo and thinking differently. (WHY) We do this by making products beautifully designed and simple to use. (HOW) We just happen to make great computers. (WHAT) Want to buy one? (YES!)"

Same company, same products, radically different impact.

---

## Why It Matters

### The Problem Without Starting With WHY

Communication falls flat:
- Features and benefits feel hollow
- "So what?" response from audience
- No emotional connection
- Customers buy on price (commoditization)
- Hard to inspire team or attract talent
- Marketing feels like convincing, not connecting

### The Solution With Starting With WHY

Communication resonates deeply:
- Purpose creates emotional connection
- Customers become believers and advocates
- Premium pricing justified by belief alignment
- Team motivated by mission, not just paycheck
- Marketing feels like finding kindred spirits
- Loyalty transcends product features

**Biological Basis:** The WHY speaks to the limbic brain (emotions, decision-making). The WHAT speaks to neocortex (rational thought). **People make decisions emotionally, then justify rationally.**

---

## How It's Valuable in Strategic Design

### 1. **Product Discovery and Positioning**

Before defining features, ask:
- WHY does this product need to exist?
- WHAT belief or purpose drives it?
- WHO shares this belief?

**Example Product Brief Questions:**
- "Why are you building this?" (not "what")
- "What would the world lose if this didn't exist?"
- "What keeps you up at night?" (purpose/passion)

### 2. **Messaging Hierarchy**

Structure all communication WHY → HOW → WHAT:

**Homepage Example:**
- **Hero (WHY):** "Empowering every designer to create software people love"
- **Subhead (HOW):** "Through AI-assisted strategic design methodology"
- **Features (WHAT):** "Trigger mapping, UX specifications, design systems"

### 3. **Content Strategy**

Each piece of content can lead with purpose:

**Blog Post Title:**
- Bad (WHAT): "10 Features of Our Design Tool"
- Good (WHY): "Why Designers Deserve Better Tools: The Mission Behind WDS"

**About Page:**
- Don't start with company history (WHAT)
- Start with founding belief (WHY)
- Then explain unique approach (HOW)
- Finally list products/services (WHAT)

### 4. **Stakeholder Alignment**

Get team aligned on WHY before discussing WHAT:

**Project Kickoff:**
1. "WHY are we building this?" (Purpose discussion)
2. "HOW will we approach it differently?" (Strategy)
3. "WHAT will we build?" (Features)

**Result:** Team united by shared purpose, not just task list.

### 5. **User Interview and Research**

Ask WHY before HOW or WHAT:

**Interview Structure:**
- Start: "Why does [problem] matter to you?"
- Middle: "How have you tried to solve it?"
- End: "What would an ideal solution include?"

**Uncovers:** Driving forces, emotional motivations, not just functional needs.

---

## Attribution and History

### Simon Sinek - The Popularizer

**Simon Sinek** is a British-American author and motivational speaker who introduced the Golden Circle in his 2009 book *Start With Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action*.

His 2009 TEDx Talk "How Great Leaders Inspire Action" became one of the most-viewed TED talks of all time (50+ million views), bringing the Golden Circle framework to global attention.

### The Origin Story

Sinek developed the Golden Circle while studying successful leaders and organizations. He noticed patterns:

- Companies like Apple, Southwest Airlines, and Harley-Davidson inspire fierce loyalty
- These organizations communicate differently than competitors
- They start with WHY (purpose), not WHAT (products)

**His Discovery:** The pattern matches how the human brain makes decisions (limbic system for WHY/HOW, neocortex for WHAT).

### Influence

The Golden Circle has influenced:
- Business strategy and marketing
- Leadership development
- Brand positioning
- Product design methodology (including WDS)
- Public speaking and storytelling

---

## Source Materials

### Books

📚 **Start With Why: How Great Leaders Inspire Everyone to Take Action**  
By Simon Sinek (2009)

- The original source explaining the Golden Circle
- Case studies from Apple, MLK Jr., Wright Brothers, and more
- Practical application for businesses and individuals
- [Available on Amazon](https://www.amazon.com/Start-Why-Leaders-Inspire-Everyone/dp/1591846447)

📚 **Find Your Why: A Practical Guide for Discovering Purpose**  
By Simon Sinek, David Mead, Peter Docker (2017)

- Step-by-step workshops to discover your WHY
- Tools for individuals and organizations
- Templates and facilitation guides
- [Available on Amazon](https://www.amazon.com/Find-Your-Why-Practical-Discovering/dp/0143111728)

### Videos

🎥 **"How Great Leaders Inspire Action" - TEDx Talk**  
Simon Sinek (2009) - 50+ million views

- The original 18-minute talk introducing the Golden Circle
- Clear explanation with compelling examples
- [Watch on TED.com](https://www.ted.com/talks/simon_sinek_how_great_leaders_inspire_action)

🎥 **"Start With Why" - Book Summary Videos**  
Various channels on YouTube

- [Search for "Start With Why summary"](https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=start+with+why+simon+sinek)

### Articles and Resources

🔗 **[SimonSinek.com](https://simonsinek.com)**
- Official website with resources
- Blog posts and additional content
- Speaking and workshop information

🔗 **"Find Your Why" Worksheet**
- Free downloadable worksheets
- Available on Simon Sinek's website

---

## Whiteport Methods That Harness This Model

### [Phase 1: Product Exploration Guide](../method/phase-1-product-exploration-guide.md)

The Product Brief discovery conversation uses Golden Circle structure:

**Discovery Flow:**
1. **WHY Questions First:**
   - "Why does this product need to exist?"
   - "What problem keeps you up at night?"
   - "What would success look like for your users?"

2. **HOW Questions Second:**
   - "How is your approach different?"
   - "How will users experience this differently?"
   - "How will you measure success?"

3. **WHAT Questions Last:**
   - "What features are must-haves?"
   - "What is explicitly out of scope?"
   - "What are the key deliverables?"

**Result:** Product Brief grounded in purpose, not just feature list.

### Trigger Mapping

Trigger Maps implicitly use Golden Circle:

- **Business Goal:** The WHY (organizational purpose)
- **Driving Forces:** User's personal WHY (motivation)
- **Solution:** The HOW (approach)
- **(Implicit features):** The WHAT (implementation)

### Content Creation Workflow

When creating any content, structure using Golden Circle:

1. **Lead with WHY:** Purpose, benefit, emotional hook
2. **Explain HOW:** Approach, process, differentiation
3. **Describe WHAT:** Features, specifics, implementation

---

## Imaginary Examples

### Example 1: SaaS Landing Page

**Traditional Approach (WHAT → HOW → WHY):**

```
Headline: "Advanced Project Management Software"
Subhead: "With AI-powered automation and real-time collaboration"
Body: "Manage tasks, track time, generate reports..."
CTA: "Start Free Trial"
```

**Golden Circle Approach (WHY → HOW → WHAT):**

```
Headline: "Your Team Deserves to Do Their Best Work" (WHY)
Subhead: "We eliminate busywork so you can focus on what matters" (WHY)
Body: "Through intelligent automation that learns your workflow, 
       we handle the repetitive stuff while you handle the creative" (HOW)
Features: "Smart task routing, automated standups, AI reports" (WHAT)
CTA: "Reclaim Your Time"
```

**Notice:** Same product, radically different emotional impact.

### Example 2: About Page

**Traditional Structure:**

```
"Founded in 2020, we are a team of 50 engineers and designers 
who have worked at Apple, Google, and Microsoft. We've raised $10M 
in funding and serve 10,000 customers globally. Our platform 
includes features like..."
```

**Golden Circle Structure:**

```
WHY: "We believe designers shouldn't have to choose between 
      creativity and clarity. Every designer deserves a thinking 
      partner that turns vision into reality."

HOW: "We combine strategic frameworks from 20+ years of UX practice 
      with AI assistance, creating a methodology that bridges 
      design and development seamlessly."

WHAT: "Today, 10,000 designers use WDS to create specifications 
       that developers love. Our team of 50 has helped ship 
       over 1,000 products."
```

**Result:** Reader understands purpose and values, creating emotional connection before credentials.

### Example 3: Job Posting

**Traditional:**

```
"We're hiring a Senior Designer. Requirements: 5+ years experience, 
Figma expert, portfolio required. Responsibilities: Create UI designs, 
work with developers, iterate based on feedback."
```

**Golden Circle:**

```
WHY: "We're on a mission to give every designer on the planet a 
      thinking partner. If you believe designers can change the 
      world but need better tools to do it, read on."

HOW: "We approach design tool-building differently: we start with 
      methodology, not pixels. We're creating instruments that 
      amplify designer thinking, not just drawing tools."

WHAT: "We need a Senior Designer who will help shape our 
       methodology, create specifications, and work with AI 
       to make design more strategic. 5+ years experience, 
       Figma proficiency, portfolio showcasing strategic thinking."
```

**Result:** Attracts people who share the WHY, not just people with skills.

---

## Real Applications

### WDS Presentation Project

The WDS landing page messaging uses Golden Circle structure:

**WHY (Hero Section):**
"Providing a thinking partner to every designer on the planet"

**HOW (Value Proposition):**
"Strategic design methodology combined with AI assistance bridges the gap between vision and implementation"

**WHAT (Features Section):**
"Trigger mapping, UX specifications, design system generation, developer handoff"

**See:** [WDS Presentation Product Brief](../examples/WDS-Presentation/docs/1-project-brief/01-product-brief.md)

The Product Brief was developed using WHY-first discovery conversations, ensuring the messaging hierarchy reflects true purpose.

---

## The Biology Behind the Golden Circle

### Three Levels of the Brain

**Neocortex (Outer Brain):**
- Rational thought
- Language
- Analysis
- Processes the WHAT

**Limbic Brain (Middle Brain):**
- Emotions
- Trust
- Loyalty
- Decision-making
- Processes the WHY and HOW
- **NO language capacity** (can't articulate "gut feelings")

**Reptilian Brain (Inner Brain):**
- Survival instincts
- Fight or flight

### Why This Matters

When you communicate WHAT → HOW → WHY:
- You speak to the neocortex (rational)
- People understand but don't feel compelled
- Decisions get stuck in analysis
- "It makes sense but I'm not sure..."

When you communicate WHY → HOW → WHAT:
- You speak to limbic brain (emotional decision center)
- People feel it in their gut
- Decisions feel right
- Then rationalize with WHAT
- "I just know this is right. Plus, look at the features!"

**People don't buy WHAT you do, they buy WHY you do it.**

---

## Common Questions

### Q: What if my WHY is just "to make money"?

**A:** That's not a WHY, that's a result. Ask deeper: WHY does this product need to exist? What problem moved you to solve it? What would the world lose if it didn't exist? Money is the outcome of serving a genuine purpose.

### Q: Doesn't everyone have basically the same WHY?

**A:** No! Compare:
- Apple: "Challenge the status quo"
- Southwest Airlines: "Democratize air travel"
- Harley-Davidson: "Enable personal freedom"

All different WHYs, all inspiring.

### Q: Should I literally say "Our WHY is..."?

**A:** No. Demonstrate it through messaging. Show, don't tell. The Golden Circle is a structural framework, not a script.

### Q: What if I'm building something boring like accounting software?

**A:** Nothing is boring when you start with WHY. Example:
- **Bad WHAT:** "We make accounting software"
- **Good WHY:** "We believe small business owners shouldn't need accounting degrees to understand their finances"

### Q: Can I have multiple WHYs?

**A:** Ideally one core WHY, but it can have dimensions. Don't confuse WHY (purpose) with HOW (values/differentiators).

---

## Using Golden Circle in Your Process

### Step 1: Discover Your WHY

**Personal Exercise (45 minutes):**

1. List stories of when you felt most fulfilled in your work
2. Identify patterns in those stories
3. Look for the purpose beneath the tasks
4. Craft a simple statement: "To [contribution] so that [impact]"

**Team Workshop (2 hours):**

1. Each person shares a story of team at its best
2. Capture themes that emerge
3. Discuss: What do these stories reveal about our purpose?
4. Craft collective WHY statement

**Product-Specific:**

Ask founding team: "Why does this product need to exist beyond making money?"

### Step 2: Define Your HOWs

Your HOWs are your values and differentiators:

**Questions:**
- What makes our approach unique?
- What principles guide our decisions?
- How do we do things differently?
- What would we never compromise on?

**Result:** 3-5 HOWs that explain your methodology

### Step 3: List Your WHATs

This is easy - your products, services, features. But NOW they're contextualized by WHY and HOW.

### Step 4: Restructure Communication

**Audit current messaging:**
- Website: Does it start with WHY?
- Product descriptions: Are they WHAT-heavy?
- About page: Does it lead with purpose?
- Job postings: Do they inspire or just list requirements?

**Rewrite from inside-out (WHY → HOW → WHAT)**

### Step 5: Test With Audience

Show both versions:
- Version A: Traditional (WHAT → HOW → WHY)
- Version B: Golden Circle (WHY → HOW → WHAT)

**Measure:**
- Which resonates more emotionally?
- Which creates stronger intent to act?
- Which people remember better?

---

## Golden Circle Template

Use this template for messaging:

```markdown
## WHY (Purpose/Belief)
We believe [core belief about the world]...

## HOW (Approach/Values)
We do this by [unique approach/methodology]...
Our values:
- [Value 1]
- [Value 2]
- [Value 3]

## WHAT (Products/Services)
We offer:
- [Product/Service 1]
- [Product/Service 2]
- [Product/Service 3]
```

**For Content:**

```markdown
[Headline expressing WHY]
[Subhead explaining HOW]
[Body describing WHAT]
[CTA aligned with WHY]
```

---

## Next Steps

1. **Watch:** Simon Sinek's TEDx talk (18 minutes)
2. **Reflect:** What's your personal or organizational WHY?
3. **Audit:** Review current messaging - does it start with WHY?
4. **Experiment:** Rewrite one piece of content using Golden Circle
5. **Apply:** Use WHY-first approach in next product discovery session

**Related Resources:**
- [Product Exploration Guide](../method/phase-1-product-exploration-guide.md) - Uses WHY-first discovery
- [Trigger Mapping Guide](../method/phase-2-trigger-mapping-guide.md) - Connects business WHY to user WHY

---

*The Golden Circle - People don't buy what you do, they buy why you do it.*

